The economy of the Caliphate was very diverse and successful. State-sponsored raids into neighbouring Christian kingdoms were very lucrative throughout the history of the Caliphate. Through the early years, tribute payments were made to Córdoba to guarantee safety. Muslim trade routes connected al-Andalus with the rest of the Mediterranean and beyond. There were many areas of industry that were revitalized during the Caliphate: textiles, ceramics, glassware, metalwork, and agriculture all benefiting the state. Tariffs were lucrative. Taxes implemented on Jews and Christians living within the Caliphate were another source of income.[11]
BBC has more on that period of Islamic Rule.
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